Name | Guanidine propionate |
Synonyms | Guanidine propionate guanidinopropionicacid guanidinepropanoicacid 3-guanidinopropanoicacid 3-guanidinopropionic acid beta-guanidinopropionic acid n-(aminoiminomethyl)-beta-alanin n-(aminoiminomethyl)beta-alanine b-Alanine, N-(aMinoiMinoMethyl)- N-(diaminomethylidene)-beta-alanine 3-(diaminomethylideneamino)propanoic acid 3-[bis(azanyl)methylideneamino]propanoic acid |
CAS | 353-09-3 |
EINECS | 206-530-0 |
InChI | InChI=1/C4H9N3O2/c5-4(6)7-2-1-3(8)9/h1-2H2,(H,8,9)(H4,5,6,7) |
Molecular Formula | C4H9N3O2 |
Molar Mass | 131.13 |
Density | 1.46±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) |
Melting Point | 222°C (dec.)(lit.) |
Boling Point | 299.1±42.0 °C(Predicted) |
Flash Point | 169.5°C |
Solubility | Aqueous Acid (Slightly), Water (Slightly, Heated) |
Vapor Presure | 4.73E-06mmHg at 25°C |
Appearance | Solid |
Color | White to Off-White |
BRN | 1705262 |
pKa | 4.22±0.10(Predicted) |
Storage Condition | Keep in dark place,Inert atmosphere,2-8°C |
Refractive Index | 1.574 |
Use | Used as food, beverage, feed additive, Nutrition Fortifier, cosmetic surfactant and pharmaceutical raw materials |
Hazard Symbols | Xi - Irritant |
Risk Codes | 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. |
WGK Germany | 3 |
RTECS | AY3157500 |
HS Code | 29252900 |
background and overview | guanidine compounds have been widely used in the fields of medicine, pesticide and chemical industry as disinfectants, catalysts, nutrients, feed and cosmetic additives for a long time. The widely used guanidine compounds with 2-3 carbon atoms, such as creatine and its derivatives, guanidinoacetic acid and guanidinopropionic acid, are more and more widely used. Guanidinopropionic acid is a white crystal, soluble in water, and is a creatine analog. Guanidinopropionic acid is a kind of amino acid derivative. It is an important chemical raw material and intermediate. It exists in the serum, brain, liver, kidney and urine of mammals. This compound can improve insulin sensitivity and selectively reduce fat. Tissue weight can treat and prevent symptoms such as metabolic disorders, high blood sugar, high insulin, insensitivity of blood insulin, excessive blood amylase, and obesity. In addition, studies have shown that guanidinopropionic acid can cause hemolysis of its own red blood cells, which is one of the factors that increase red blood cell hemolysis during uremia, and is clearly defined as uremic toxin. Its concentration in the blood of normal people is significantly lower than that of other guanidine toxoids, about 0.02 μmol/100 mL. The blood concentration during renal failure is significantly higher than normal. It can reach about 0.70 μmol/100 mL in the blood of uremic patients on a low-protein diet, and it can reach higher on a non-low-protein diet. Guanidinopropionic acid is the only substance in guanidine complex that not only causes the decrease of blood reducing glutathione concentration, but also reduces G-6-PD activity; it is the highest concentration of guanidine complex in uremic plasma, and its concentration is related to BUN. Guanidinopropionic acid significantly inhibits the metabolism of neutrophils in uremia, which makes the body's immunity potentially harmful. |
synthesis route | method 1: using thiourea β-alanine as raw material, guanidinyl propionic acid is prepared by alkylation of nucleophilic substituted amines in two steps, with a content of more than 99.0% and a total yield of 76.2%. the process has low cost, mild conditions, simple operation and is suitable for industrial production. The specific reaction process is as follows: Method 2: A chemical synthesis method of guanidinopropionic acid, comprising the following steps: Step 1, adding isopropanol, 3-aminopropionic acid and 10% sodium hydroxide solution in a reaction kettle, stirring and dissolving at room temperature to obtain an alkaline mixed solution; Step 2, adding a mononyandiamide solution dropwise to the alkaline mixed solution, and then stirring and refluxing at a certain temperature for a period of time, after the reaction is completed, the solvent is evaporated to obtain crude guanidinopropionic acid; Step 3: Put crude guanidinopropionic acid, water and isopropanol into the reaction kettle, stir for a period of time at room temperature, then perform suction filtration, rinsing, drying, and finally obtain guanidinopropionic acid. Method 3: A preparation method of 3-guanidinopropionic acid, comprising the following steps: a, condensation reaction: at normal temperature, adding 3-aminopropionic acid into solvent methanol, slowly adding sodium hydroxide until it is completely dissolved during stirring, sodium hydroxide and 3? The molar ratio of aminopropionic acid is 1:1, and the temperature is reduced to 15 ℃ to obtain solution a; B, dissolution reaction: melamine crystals are placed in methanol at 15 ℃ and stirred to dissolve, melamine crystals and 3? The molar ratio of aminopropionic acid is 1:1 to obtain solution B; c, addition reaction: add solution B to solution a, control the temperature within 15 ℃, and PH7.5-8.0 to obtain solution c; d, reduced pressure concentration: concentrate solution c under reduced pressure to about 1/3, and then cool down? Filtration below 5 ℃ to obtain solution d1 and crude sodium 3-guanidinopropionate. After drying, sodium 3-guanidinopropionate is prepared into 3 with a mass percentage concentration of 25%? Sodium guanidinopropionate aqueous solution to obtain solution d2; e, ion exchange: fill the ion exchange column with h-type weakly acidic cation resin, connect the ion exchange column with the ion exchange column, slowly flow the solution d2 to the ion exchange column, the addition amount of solution d2 is 1/2 of the volume of h-type weakly acidic cation resin added per hour, collect the exchange solution once every 50±0.5ml, and detect 3? The content of guanidinopropionic acid until 3-guanidinopropionic acid cannot be detected; f, alcohol crystallization: combine the exchange solutions collected in step e, concentrate under reduced pressure to the mass percentage of 3-guanidinopropionic acid 43±2%, add methanol solution with 2 times its mass, and slowly gradient cooling? Crystallization at 10 ℃ to obtain crystal mixed solution f; g, filtration and drying: filter the crystal mixed solution f to obtain solution g and 3-guanidinopropionic acid crystals, and dry the 3-guanidinopropionic acid crystals at 105 ℃ in an oven to obtain 3-guanidinopropionic acid. |
application | guanidinopropionic acid is mainly used as raw materials for organic synthesis, main intermediates for blood pressure lowering bulk drugs, and can be used as food additives, cosmetic surfactants, feed additives, nutrition enhancers, beverage additives, etc. |
Main references | [1] Pan Hailong et al. Synthesis of guanidinopropionic acid. Zhejiang Chemical. 2015,46(7):23-25. [2] Guo liqiang et al. a preparation method of 3-guanidinyl propionic acid. Application number CN201310275611.2. application date 2013-07-03. [3] yang bo et al.. intervention study of levamlodipine besylate on residual renal damage aggravated by guanidinyl propionic acid. chinese journal of modern medicine. 2014, 24 (24):15-20. [4] Zhou bin. chemical synthesis method of guanidinyl propionic acid. application number CN201110210823.3. Application date 2012-01-25. |
use | used as food, beverage, feed additives, nutritional enhancers, cosmetic surfactants and pharmaceutical raw materials, etc. |